Combining forms:
aer/o: air
algesi/o: sensitivity to pain
chem/o: drug
cras/o: mixture, temperament
derm/o: skin
enter/o: intestines
erg/o: work
esthesi/o: feeling, nervous sensation
hist/o: tissue
hypn/o: sleep
iatr/o: physician, treatment
idi/o: individual, distinct, own
lingu/o: tongue
myc/o: mold
pharmac/o: drug
pyr/o: fever
narc/o: numbness, stupor
thec/o: sheath (of brain and spinal cord)
tox/o: poison
toxic/o: poison
vas/o: vessel
ven/o: vein
vit/o: life
Prefix:
anti-: against
contra-: against
Suffix:
-cidal: pertaining to killing
-lytic: reduce, destroy
-mimetic: mimic, copy
-phylaxis: protection
-static: pertaining to stopping, controlling
The below tables
are not for exam purposes.
|
|
|
|
| alt. dieb. | alternis diebus | on alternate days |
| aq. | aqua | water |
| bin | bis in noctis | two times a night |
| bis i. d. | bis in diem | twice a day |
| c. | circa | about, approximately |
| ca. | circa | about, approximately |
| comp | compositus | compound |
| cont. rem. | continuantur remedia | let the remedies be continued |
| d. | da | give, administer |
| de d. in d. | de die in diem | daily |
| dieb. alt. | diebus alternis | on alternate days |
| dil. | dilue, dilutus | dilute, dilutus |
| in p. aeq. | dividiatur in partes aequales | divide into equal parts |
| Dur. dolor. | durante dolore | while the pain lasts |
| FDA | Food & Drug Administration | |
| grad. | gradatim | gradually |
| gt | gutta | drops |
| h | hora | hour |
| hor. som. | hora somni | at bedtime |
| h.s. | hora somni | at bedtime |
| in d. | in dies | daily |
| m. | misce | mix |
| m. et n. | mane et nocte | morning and night |
| mg | milligram | |
| N.F. | National Formulary | |
| n.b. | nota bene | mark well |
| noct. maneq. | noct maneque | night and morning |
| NPO | nulla per os | nothing by mouth |
| o.d. | omni die | every day |
| oh | omni hora | every hour |
| ol | oleum | oil |
| om | omni mane | every morning |
| omn. hor. | omni hora | every hour |
| on | omni nocte | every night |
| os | os | mouth |
| oz. | ounce | |
| p.c. | post cibum | after meals |
| PDR | Physicians Desk Reference | |
| po | per os | by mouth |
| p.p.a. | phiala prius agitata | shake the bottle first |
| p.r.n. | pro re nata | as occasion arises |
| Q(q) | quaque | every |
| q.h. | quaque hora | every hour |
| q.l. | quantum libet | as much as desired |
| q.p. | quantum placeat | as much as you please |
| q.q.h. | quaque quarta hora | every four hours |
| qq. hor. | quaque hora | every hour |
| q.suff. | quantum sufficit | as much as suffices |
| q.s. | quantum satis | as much as suffices |
| quotid. | quotidie | daily |
| R/ | recipe | take |
| si op. sit | si opus sit | if necessary |
| solv. | solve | dissolve |
| st. | stet, stent | let it stand, let them stand |
| subq | subcutaneous injection | |
| sum. | sume | take |
| syr | syrupus | syrup |
| tab | tablet | |
| tal. | talis | such |
| ter i. d. | ter in diem | three times a day |
| ung | ungentum | ointment |
| U.S.P. | United States Pharmacopeia | |
| ut dict. | ut dictum | as directed |
Abbreviations Used in Dosage and Directions:
(not
for exam)
|
|
|
|
| aa | ana | of each |
| ad | ad | up to |
| ad lib | ad libitum | as much as desired |
| b | bis | twice |
| C | centigrade | |
| c | cum | with |
| cc | cubic centimeter | |
| caps | capsula | capsule |
| Gm | gram | gram, grams |
| gr | granum,grana | grain, grains |
| gtt | gutta | drop, drops |
| (h) | hypodermic | under the skin |
| IM | intramuscular | |
| IV | intravenous | |
| kg | kilogram | thousand grams |
| l | liter | liter |
| LB., lb | libra | pound |
| ml | milliliter | thousandth of a liter |
| ocul | oculus | the eye |
| o.d. | oculo dextro | in right eye |
| o.s. | oculo sinistro | in left eye |
| o.u. | oculus uterque | in each eye |
| p.o. | per os | by mouth |
| q.s. | quantum sufficit | a sufficient quantity |
| R | recipe | take |
| s | sine | without |
| s.c., sub cut | sub cutem | subcutaneous |
| sig | signa | label, let it be labeled |
| s.o.s. | si opus sit | if necessary |
| ss | semis | one-half |
| tab | tablet | |
| tsp | teaspoon | teaspoonful |
| tbsp | tablespoon | tablespoonful |
Abbreviations Indicating Time of Administration:
(not
for exam)
|
|
|
|
| a.c. | ante cibos | before meals |
| b.i.d. | bis in diem | twice a day |
| h | hora | hour |
| h.s. | hora somni | at bedtime |
| o.m. | omni mane | each morning |
| o.n. | omni nocte | each night |
| p.c. | post cibos | after meals |
| p.r.n. | pro re nata | when needed |
| q.d. | quaque diem | every day (daily) |
| q.2h., q.3h., q.4h. | every 2,3, or 4 hours | |
| q.i.d., or 4. i.d. | quarter in diem | four times a day |
| stat | statium | at once |
| t.i.d. | ter in diem | three times a day |
Abbreviations Indicating Hours of Administration:
(not
for exam)
| Abbreviation: | Meaning: |
| q.i.d. | 0800, 1200, 1600, 2000 |
| q.2h | 0600, 0800, 1000, 1200, etc. |
| q.3h | 0900, 1200, 1500, 1800, etc. |
| q.4h | 0800, 1200, 1600, etc. |
| q.6h | 0600, 1200, etc. |
| b.i.d. | 1000, 1600 |
| t.i.d. | 1000, 1500, and 1800 |
| a.c. | 1/2 hour before meals: 0630, 1130, 1630 |
| p.c. | 0800, 1400, 1800 |
NOTE: This list contains examples of hours
of administration of drugs when the instructions of the physician indicate
only the number of doses to be given each day. A local policy directive
should be consulted, since hours of administration of drugs are customarily
coordinated with local hospital hours for meal service ("lights out" at
night, etc.).